Sovereign Cloud: OVH, Scaleway, Outscale for RAG

For European companies, hosting a RAG system on a sovereign cloud ensures GDPR compliance and protects against extraterritorial laws (Cloud Act). This guide compares options and explains how to deploy.

Why Sovereign Cloud?

Provider Comparison

OVH

Scaleway

Outscale (3DS)

Sovereign LLMs

Data Encryption

DEVELOPERpython
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

class EncryptedVectorStore:
    def __init__(self, key: bytes, vector_store):
        self.cipher = Fernet(key)
        self.store = vector_store

    def add_document(self, doc_id: str, content: str, embedding: List[float]):
        encrypted_content = self.cipher.encrypt(content.encode())
        self.store.add(id=doc_id, vector=embedding, payload={"content": encrypted_content.decode()})

    def search(self, query_embedding: List[float], k: int = 5) -> List[Dict]:
        results = self.store.search(query_embedding, k=k)
        for r in results:
            r["content"] = self.cipher.decrypt(r["content"].encode()).decode()
        return results

Compliance Checklist

• Data stored in France/EU
• At-rest and in-transit encryption
• Access logs (audit trail)
• DPA contract with provider
• No third-party access (Cloud Act)
• Encrypted backup
• Retention policy

Related Guides

• GDPR and Chatbots
• AI Act Implications
• RAG Audit Trail